Spatio-Temporal Analysis of LULC, LST, NDVI, and NDBI in Coxs Bazar (1990–2020)

Bangladesh's rapid urban expansion continues to impact its fragile ecosystems, especially in coastal regions like Cox’s Bazar. This study investigates how land use and land cover (LULC) transformations have influenced land surface temperature (LST), vegetation health (NDVI), and built-up intensity (NDBI) over a 30-year period. Utilizing GIS and remote sensing techniques, we analyzed multi-temporal satellite data from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Results reveal a consistent rise in built-up areas and corresponding temperature increases, while vegetation cover has notably decreased. These patterns point to an intensifying Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and growing ecological stress. The findings highlight the need for integrated land use strategies and green infrastructure to mitigate environmental degradation in rapidly urbanizing coastal zones.