Suppression of Mn Dissolution in Spinel Cathodes by Trapping the Protons within Layered Oxide Cathodes

The addition of a moderate amount of a layered oxide like to an optimized spinel oxyfluoride composition like followed by charging to high-enough voltages during first charge offers superior capacity retention at in subsequent cycles at in lithium-ion cells fabricated with graphite anode. The trapping of trace amounts of protons that may be present in the electrolyte within the layered oxide lattice during the first charge to suppresses Mn dissolution and improves the electrochemical performance significantly, enhancing the commercialization prospects of spinel cathodes for hybrid electric vehicle applications.