Mechanoelectrical Feedback

BACKGROUND: Augmented preload increases myocardial excitability by shortening action potential duration (APD). The mechanism governing this phenomenon is unknown. Because myocardial stretch increases intracellular cAMP, we hypothesized that load-dependent changes in myocardial excitability are mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation of a cAMP-sensitive K(+) current. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of propranolol on load-induced changes in electrical excitability were studied in 7 isolated ejecting canine hearts. LV monophasic APD at 50% and 90% repolarization (MAPD(50) and MAPD(90)) and refractoriness were determined at low (9+/-3 mL) and high (39+/-4 mL) load before and after beta-adrenergic blockade. During control, the MAPD(50) decreased from 193+/-26 to 184+/-26 ms with increased load, as did the MAPD(90) (238+/-28 to 233+/-28 ms), P</=0.04. Similar changes were observed in ventricular refractoriness. Treatment with propranolol completely abolished these load-induced effects. Myocardial catecholamine depletion with reserpine in 2 hearts also abolished changes in MAPD and excitability in response to increased preload. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in ventricular load mediate a decrease in ventricular APD and refractoriness through activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor. An increase in a cAMP-mediated K(+) current, possibly the slowly activating delayed rectifier I(Ks), may account in part for this form of mechanoelectrical coupling.