The relationship between menopause and bone health

The paper describes menopausal events and their impact on bone health. Physiological events in the menopausal period as well as the pathophysiological basis for the occurrence of osteoporosis were considered. Postmenopausal women are at high risk for osteoporosis and bone fractures. The genesis of this problem lies in two factors - aging and loss of gonadal function, or their combination. Senile osteoporosis is associated with the aging process of the organism, and postmenopausal osteoporosis is primarily a consequence of estrogen deficiency. Osteoporosis is the main cause of bone fractures in the elderly population. Numerous markers of bone formation and breakdown have been described as biochemical markers of osteoporosis. For diagnostic purposes, double X-ray absorptiometry of the hip and spine is used, which is the gold standard in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Alternatively, quantitative ultrasonography can be performed, which is a good method, but the measurements are not sufficiently precise as in other imaging techniques. An overview of the therapeutic possibilities of measures to prevent osteoporosis in the postmenopausal period is presented.