Parameter extraction of a solar cell is essential in the simulation and design calculation of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The mathematical model of the PV module is a non‐linear I – V characteristic including several unknown parameters as the PV manufacturers’ data are not sufficient. This study presents a method for estimating the parameters of the single‐ and double‐diode PV models of a PV module based on a nature‐inspired meta‐heuristic optimisation algorithm known as the whale optimisation algorithm (WOA). The validity of the proposed WOA‐based PV model is verified by comparing its simulation results with the experimental results for the PV modules under different environmental conditions.
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Elazab et al. (2017) studied this question.
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