In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization and Vortex Search Algorithm are applied to design desired characteristics of rectangular microstrip antenna with and without air gaps. The proposed artificial intelligence algorithms are inspired from natural events or behavior of living things in nature. Resonance frequency and return loss of microstrip antenna are dependence with design parameters. The computed results for dielectric substrate's height is tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization and Vortex Search Algorithm for optimal design.
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Özkaya et al. (2017) studied this question.
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