A ray method is used to calculate the acoustic field in the shallow-water, penetrable wedge problems proposed as benchmarks by the Acoustical Society of America. Agreement is excellent between the ray solution and the two-way coupled-mode solution. The ray approach not only constitutes an independent method for comparison with other models, but also provides an intuitive picture of the propagation in terms of eigenrays. An analysis of the eigenray information provided by the ray model reveals that the effects of backscatter are totally insignificant for the penetrable wedge problems considered. The computation time required on a Cyber 180-830 to calculate the field at a single point varies from 5 s near the source to 60 s near the apex of the wedge. The calculation of the field at 400 points along a horizontal line requires less than 10 min.
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Evan K. Westwood (1990) studied this question.