The article presents a detailed analysis and comparison of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) models with different levels of complexity. Since the full PEMFC model is highly nonlinear and depends on numerous technical parameters that are not usually readily available, this article investigates the adequate complexity level of the PEMFC model for power system dynamic studies. PEMFC models with associated control system are presented and developed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The performance of observed models in grid frequency control and low-voltage ride through is demonstrated on a simple single machine infinite bus system as well as on the IEEE 14-bus test system. Results show that the PEMFC can be represented with a simplified model in power system dynamic studies, providing identical power response and satisfying the PEMFC stack boundaries.
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Barać et al. (2023) studied this question.
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