Unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea: A current update

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) has been established as a highly effective and safe treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with intolerance to positive airway pressure therapy that meet additional eligibility criteria. Since approval in 2014 by the Food and Drug Administration, HNS implantation has exponentially increased in the United States. Recent updates to eligibility criteria for HNS have broadened the scope of this therapy, now including patients with higher body mass index and more severe OSA. Technological improvements, novel surgical approaches, and adjunct stimulation of ansa cervicalis and the glossopharyngeal nerve represent areas for ongoing research to optimize HNS therapy for patients with OSA.