Effects of Statins on Renin–Angiotensin System

Figures

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  Figure 1. The effect of statins on RAS pathways. Statins affect renin secretion, aldosterone secretion, and vasoconstriction. Statins also block AT1Rs, increase ACE2 expression and NO release. The steps of pathways that are affected by statins are shown in black. Ang: angiotensin, ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, AT1Rs: angiotensin type 1 receptors, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, ROS: reactive oxygen species, PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NO: nitric oxide, NEP: neprylisin, MasR: Mas receptors.

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  Figure 2. Expression of AT1R. Ang II-infused LOX-1 knockout mice showed less increase in the expression of AT1R (n = 5). AT1Rs: angiotensin type 1 receptors. Reproduced with permission from [58].

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  Figure 3. The effect of statins on AT1R expression and activation. LDL: low-density lipoprotein, oxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein, AT1Rs: angiotensin type 1 receptors, ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, Ang: angiotensin, NF- κB: nuclear factor-κB, PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma.