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Experiments are described which illustrate the effect of aberrations of the objective, working at high numerical aperture, on the diffraction images of circular apertures in an opaque film. Measurements of the diffraction image of a straight opaque edge at high numerical apertures, in polarized and non-polarized light, show the breakdown of the scalar theory at angles of convergence greater than 30°.
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B.M. Watrasiewicz (1965) studied this question.
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