Wet-chemical reorganization of carbonaceous impurities around and inside carbon nanotubes yields tube-in-tube nanostructures. The graphitic impurity particles were fragmented, their surfaces modified with carboxy and hydroxy groups, and then reintegrated around or inside pristine nanotubes via acid-catalyzed esterification linkages. Well-organized dual and triple structures were obtained (see SEM image).
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Zhu et al. (2004) studied this question.
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