Oxygen ligands from water are bound to the manganese cluster giving rise to the ‘multiline’ EPR signal from the S 2 state of photosystem II, as shown by the observation of hyperfine broadening of the EPR signal in the presence of 17 O‐enriched water. The binding must occur in the S 0 , S 1 or S 2 state. The estimated upper limit for the 17 O hyperfine coupling constant, 0.5 mT, excludes Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the S 2 state, but not peroxide.
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Hansson et al. (1986) studied this question.
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