Simplified flow calculations for tubes and parallel plates

The effective correlations of turbulent velocities and friction losses for tubes and parallel plates recently published have been analyzed further in order to simplify their use and to extend the range of Reynolds number. Working diagrams have been developed from which turbulent friction losses and local velocities for tubes and parallel plates can be calculated without interpolation or trial‐and‐error procedures. Tentative values of parallel‐plate friction factors and average‐to‐maximum velocity ratios in the transition region are also included, and new experimental values of the velocity ratio in smooth tubes are reported. The working diagrams permit more rapid, accurate, and consistent calculations of fluid behavior to be made over a wider range of operating conditions than was previously possible.