Utilizing an electron-deficient thieno[3,4- c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) unit as a π-bridge to improve the photovoltaic performance of A–π–D–π–A type acceptors

Thieno[3,4- c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) was used as a π-bridge to synthesize A–π–D–π–A type NFAs, which realized a PCE of 10.4% by using PTQ10 as the electron donor.