An optics for hard x-ray holographic microscopy has been developed and preliminary experiments have been done at SPring-8 undulator beamline 20XU. The optical system consists of an x-ray objective lens (Fresnel zone plate) and a wave front-division-type interferometer with prism optics. The illuminating x-ray beam is coherent with parallel radiation, and the spatially coherent area is much larger than the aperture of the objective lens. The refractive prism is placed behind the back focal plane of the objective lens in order to configure the wavefront-dividing interferometer. Half of the illuminating radiation is used for illuminating an object, and the other half is used for forming a reference wave. The magnified image of the object is generated at an image plane, and the reference wave is superimposed on the magnified image of the object. The recorded interferogram includes both amplitude and phase information of the object. The spatial resolution is determined by the numerical aperture of the objective lens. Therefore, in principle, this method enables holographic imaging at nanometer scale to be carried out in the hard x-ray region.
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Suzuki et al. (2005) studied this question.
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