Surface-Modified Magnetic Nanoscale Materials: Preparation and Study of Their Structure, Composition, and Properties

Modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of the “core–shell” type have a potentially wide range of applications in various fields of scientific activity, in particular, in analytical chemistry. These applications are based on the sorption properties of magnetic nanoparticles, which are determined by the surface structure of the nanoparticle. Thus, a comprehensive study of their composition and structure at the nanoscale is the key to the successful production of magnetic nanoparticles with the required structure and properties. The review considers the main types of magnetic nanoparticles of the “core–shell” structure; methods of their synthesis and the ways of subsequent surface modification to impart the required properties to the nanomaterial are presented. Instrumental methods for studying the composition and structure of the core and shell are discussed. Present-day concepts of the mechanism of nanoparticle modification by surfactant molecules with the spontaneous layer-by-layer formation of ordered surface structures are considered on an example of obtaining surface-modified adsorption nanoscale materials with the required surface structure and properties using the bottom-up technology.