Role of exosomes in cellular communication between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (Review)

Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by almost all types of cells. They contain RNAs, microRNAs, proteins and other bioactive substances, and can be used as carriers and for communication between cells. They regulate numerous biological processes, such as tumor development, cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy. Exosome-mediated communication between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial in the initiation and progression of tumor development. The present review aims to summarize the role of exosomes in mediating the communication between tumor cells and the TME and to suggest the potential use of exosomes as targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cancer.