The identity of ecological economics: retrospects and prospects

The paper first reveals the relevance of ecological economics in the time of a triple crisis—ecological, social and economic—and promotes it as a distinct paradigm comprised of two interconnected and interdependent aspects: the qualitative framework within which it operates; and the quantitative models and techniques it uses to observe ecosystem resilience, measure progress towards sustainability and evaluate policies. While acknowledging the progress that has so far been made, the paper argues that divergences in understanding the meaning and content of ecological economics hinder its effectiveness and influence on real-world policy making, and calls for a unified framework as a common ground that would strengthen the field and direct research. The implication of this position then follows, pointing out what has so far been missing from the ecological economics’ analysis and what should be done for it to become a more problem-oriented and policy-relevant alternative.