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The mechanism of seismic wave generation by the weight-dropping method was investigated experimentally as well as theoretically with an object to improve the source apparatus used for high-resolution shallow surveys. Through a series of field experiments, we have studied factors which influence the characteristics of the generated seismic waves. We have drawn conclusions on the following subjects: (1) the dependence of the amplitude of seismic waves on the momentum of weight; (2) the dependence of the relative energy efficiency on the weight mass and the impact velocity; (3) the optimum selection of the mass of coupler (embedding body at the impact point) for a given weight mass in order to increase the amplitude of seismic waves. We propose simplified dynamic models for the weight-dropping source, and discuss their features briefly by comparing the observed waveforms with the synthesized ones.
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Abe et al. (1990) studied this question.
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