Characteristics of nitrogen transformation processes in pig manure dur-ing fattening with the use of the biodestructor Sanaero

Intensive pork production is accompanied by the accumulation of large volumes of manure, which serves as a source of ammonia and other gaseous compounds that deteriorate the sanitary and hygienic conditions of housing facilities and negatively affect the environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the processes of nitrogen transformation in liquid pig manure during fattening with the use of the developed biodestructor Sanaero. The research was conducted on three pig farms during the fattening period from day 76 to day 160. The content of ammonium and ammonia was determined on days 2, 5, 9, 13, and 17 of manure pit filling at ambient temperatures of +20…+25 °C and +15…+17 °C. It was established that the application of the biodestructor resulted in more intensive mineralization of organic compounds and accumulation of ammonium during the first 5–13 days (1.5–2.3 times higher compared to the control), indicating activation of ammonification processes. At the same time, the ammonia concentration in the experimental samples was 1.5–2.0 times lower than in the control, demonstrating reduced nitrogen losses in volatile form and inhibition of ammonium conversion into gaseous ammonia. At temperatures of +15…+17 °C, nitrogen transformation processes occurred somewhat more slowly at the initial stages; however, the overall dynamics remained unchanged, and the efficiency of the biodestructor remained stable. The obtained results confirm that the use of the biodestructor Sanaero contributes to reducing ammonia emissions, improving the environmental performance of pig farms, and preserving nitrogen in manure as a potentially valuable fertilizer. The application of the biodestructor represents a promising biotechnological approach to optimizing manure bioconversion processes and minimizing the negative environmental impact of livestock production systems.