A field-aligned current couples the accelerated and decelerated Alfvén modes together. When the coupling is strong enough, instability results. The coupling term is proportional to the deviation from Taylor’s state. Characteristics of this instability resemble experimental observations on reversed field pinches. In the appropriate limit, these instabilities reduce to the magnetohydrodynamic kink mode.
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Chu et al. (1985) studied this question.
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