Antigen Experienced T Cells from Peripheral Blood Recognize p53 Neoantigens

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate antigen experienced T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) for responses to p53 neoantigens. Experimental Design: PBLs from patients with a mutated TP53 tumor were sorted for antigen-experienced T cells and in vitro stimulation (IVS) was performed with p53 neoantigens. The IVS cultures were stimulated with antigen-presenting cells expressing p53 neoantigens, enriched for 41BB/OX40 and grown with rapid expansion protocol. Results: T-cell responses were not observed in the PBLs of 4 patients who did not have tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) responses to mutated TP53. In contrast, 5 patients with TIL responses to mutated TP53 also had similar T-cell responses in their PBLs, indicating that the PBLs and TILs were congruent in p53 neoantigen reactivity. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were specific for p53R175H, p53Y220C, or p53R248W neoantigens, including a 78% reactive T-cell culture against p53R175H and HLA-A*02:01. Tracking TCRB clonotypes (clonality, top ranked, and TP53 mutation-specific) supported the enrichment of p53 neoantigen–reactive T cells from PBLs. The same T-cell receptor (TCR) from the TIL was found in the IVS cultures in three cases and multiple unique TCRs were found in another patient. TP53 mutation–specific T cells also recognized tumor cell lines bearing the appropriate human leukocyte antigen restriction element and TP53 mutation, indicating these T cells could recognize processed and presented p53 neoantigens. Conclusions: PBL was a noninvasive source of T cells targeting TP53 mutations for cell therapy and can provide a window into intratumoral p53 neoantigen immune responses. See related commentary by Olivera et al., p. 1203