The paper compares contemporary routing and scheduling as promoted by decision sciences (DS) with the emergence of operational areas from trade flows and corollary rate levels, both typical geographical issues. DS handle well-structured regional problems from a one-to-three-month perspective with formal models, supported by detailed data, and offer tangible answers for practical use. Geography also prepares quarterly and longer itineraries, subject to cargo availability, but with this being at a global scale between regions rather than ports, is more descriptive than analytical, and acknowledges data shortcomings with ensuing vagueness in results.
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Risto Laulajainen (2010) studied this question.
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