In vitro expression and activity of lycopene cyclase and β‐carotene hydroxylase from Erwinia herbicola

The cyclisation of lycopene to beta-carotene and the hydroxylation of beta-carotene to zeaxanthin are common enzymatic steps in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and plants. We have individually expressed in E. coli the two genes coding for these enzymatic steps in Erwinia herbicola. The cyclase and hydroxylase enzymes have apparent molecular weights of 43 kDa and 22 kDa, respectively, as determined by SDS-PAGE. Hydroxylase in vitro activity was obtained only in the cytoplasmic fraction. Cyclase also demonstrated enzyme activity in a crude cell-free lysate, although to a lesser extent.