A review on vehicle steer-by-wire control systems

This paper comprehensively reviews vehicle Steer-by-wire (SbW) systems, highlighting the technology's key challenges, potential applications, and control methodologies. SbW systems replace traditional mechanical steering linkages with electronic control systems, offering greater flexibility in vehicle design, improved safety, and better integration with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The review covers essential topics such as the general architecture of SbW systems, control approaches, including model-based, model-free, and hybrid control strategies, as well as fault tolerance and safety-critical considerations. Special attention is given to overcoming challenges related to system uncertainties, environmental disturbances, actuator saturation, and network-induced delays. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research on enhancing SbW systems' robustness, adaptive control, and real-time performance, making them suitable for autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles.