The apparatus for measuring contact potential differences between solid-solid or solid-liquid by the vibrating plate method of Zisman has been simplified in two ways. The plate is driven by a radio loudspeaker powered by the ordinary 60-cycle current and the null point is determined with an oscillograph instead of earphones. Spurious effects arising when leaves are measured are avoided by use of nonpolarizing connections through a calomel half-cell, and other stray potentials are eliminated by very careful shielding.
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Rosenfeld et al. (1945) studied this question.
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