In order to examine issues relevant to the authority which patients bestow upon psychiatrists the present authors constructed the Psychiatrist's Sphere of Influence Scale (PSIS). The PSIS is a 68-item Likert-type questionnaire which asks patients to specify the skills which they believe belong to the psychiatrist's authoritative domain. Patients being treated in day hospital (N=82), inpatient (N=113), and outpatient (N=121) settings were individually administered the PSIS along with various discriminant and construct validity measures. The findings indicated that the PSIS is an internally consistent, factorially complex, relatively stable measure of the roles which are ascribed to psychiatrists. Neither the social desirability nor the agreement response set represents important contaminants of the PSIS. Moreover, individual differences on the PSIS appear to be predictable, within broad limits, from patients' positions in the social structure, their preferred styles of help seeking in hospital and therapy settings, and their generalized orientations toward power and authority. A tendency to blur the boundaries between "psychiatric" and "nonpsychiatric" roles appears to be concentrated among patients who are middle-aged or older, minimally educated, of lower socioeconomic status, inclined toward an authoritarian conception of the good patient and the good hospital, and who endorse traditional family role relationships. The implications of these findings for the manner in which psychiatrists exercise their authority were discussed.
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Geller et al. (1976) studied this question.