We identified 8 indices, 2 of which 4 had publicly available methods and data and were included in this review: Area Deprivation Index (ADI), 3 COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), The ADI is intended to be a general planning and health policy tool. The CCVI focuses specifically on COVID-19. The HPI measures how various social determinants of health influence life expectancy at birth in California. e SVI, the most widely used index, centers on responses to natural disasters. Indices capture communities at differing geographic levels: block group (600-3000 people), census tract (1200-8000 people), zip code, and county. The HPI also ranks by numerous administrative areas (eg, school districts). The ADI, CCVI, and SVI report national and state-level rankings. The HPI reports rankings specific to California (Table ). Indices range from 15 (SVI) to 40 variables (CCVI). We grouped 78 total variables that indices use under 9 overarching domains based on index-defined domains: population demographics, poverty, education and employment, racial and ethnic minority populations, housing and transportation, high-risk transmission environments, health, health care system, and environmental and neighborhood. Indices largely source variables from the American Community Survey.
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Srivastava et al. (2022) studied this question.