Synthesis and Docking Study of N-(Cinnamoyl)-N′-(substituted)acryloyl Hydrazide Derivatives Containing Pyridinium Moieties as a Novel Class of Filamentous Temperature-Sensitive Protein Z Inhibitors against the Intractable Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Infections in Rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) is an offensive phytopathogen that can invade a wide range of plant hosts to develop bacterial diseases, including the well-known rice bacterial leaf blight. However, few agrochemicals have been identified to effectively prevent and eliminate Xoo -induced diseases. Thus, designing novel antibacterial compounds on the basis of the potential targets from Xoo may lead to the discovery of highly efficient and innovative anti- Xoo agents. Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), an important functional protein in the progression of cell division, has been widely reported and exploited as a target for creating antibacterial drugs in the field of medicine. Therefore, the fabrication of innovative frameworks targeting Xoo FtsZ may be an effective method for managing bacterial leaf blight diseases via blocking the binary division and reproduction of Xoo . As such, a series of novel N -(cinnamoyl)- N ′-(substituted)acryloyl hydrazide derivatives containing pyridinium moieties were designed, and the anti- Xoo activity was determined. The bioassay results showed that compound A 7 had excellent anti- Xoo activity (EC 50 = 0.99 mg L –1 ) in vitro and distinct curative activity (63.2% at 200 mg L –1 ) in vivo. Further studies revealed that these designed compounds were Xoo FtsZ inhibitors, validating by the reduced GTPase activity of recombinant Xoo FtsZ, the nonfilamentous Xoo FtsZ assembly observed in the TEM images, and the prolonged Xoo cells from the fluorescence patterns. Computational docking studies showed that compound A 7 had strong interactions with ASN34, GLN193, and GLN197 residues located in the α helix regions of Xoo FtsZ. The present study demonstrates the developed FtsZ inhibitors can serve as agents to control Xoo -induced infections.