Later Development of Children Specially Trained During Infancy Johnny and Jimmy at School Age

In 1932 Johnny and Jimmy, twins, became the subjects of an intensive study of behavior development at the Normal Child Development Study of the Babies Hospital, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Before the study had been under way for two years, it attracted wide interest because of the reports of a baby less than a year old swimming with his face under water, ascending steep inclines and by the time he was sixteen months old moving around with considerable skill on roller skates. These were the achievements which gave the study a popular interest, but such performances were incidental to the primary objectives which were 1) to analyze the sequential phases or changes through which a growing infant passes in the achievement of a given performance, and 2) to determine whether these phases are altered by certain prescribed conditions, viz., the daily stimulation of activity on the one hand and the restriction of activity on the other.