Model Intervention Programs for Mothers and Children Impacted by Substance Abuse

The impact of maternal substance abuse, particularly cocaine, on child development is of major concern to educators, clinicians, and health care providers. Preliminary longitudinal studies of children prenatally exposed to cocaine suggest that the majority of the children are of low-average to average intelligence, but suffer from distractibility, impulsivity, poor self-regulation, low levels of play, inappropriate peer relations, and speech and language delays. This article reviews clinical issues related to addiction and family systems, outlining their impact on developmental and behavioral outcomes for children. Three model programs providing interventions for families and foster families while respecting the complex needs of the child, mother, and family are outlined.