Thermal quenchings of +3 rare-earth line emissions were measured for excitation into the 4fn emitting states. These quenchings differ from corresponding quenchings reported by Wickersheim and Buchanan for band-gap excitation. For Tb+3, Tm+3, and possible Pr+3, the quenchings from the 4fn emitting states are attributed, as in the previously well-established Eu+3 case, to thermally promoted crossovers to Franck-Condon-shifted states.
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Struck et al. (1971) studied this question.
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