Organizational longevity ‐ Integrating systems thinking, learning and conceptual complexity

An examination of organizational Darwinism – survival of the fittest – via systems theory provides the foundation for a related analysis of the learning organization and the kinds of leaders necessary to pilot organizations through uncertain environments fraught with turbulence. Such environmental changes include the revolutionization of information, fast‐paced technological change, the dissolution of national boundaries and cultural barriers to communication, and changing values.