Rapid prototyped PGA/PLA scaffolds in the reconstruction of mandibular condyle bone defects

BACKGROUND: Craniomaxillofacial bone defects are currently reconstructed by using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) processes. We have developed a novel digital medical support system that enables us to custom-make scaffolds to repair craniomaxillofacial bone defects using three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images and a rapid-prototyping method. METHODS: We created positive molds using CT data, CAD/CAM and a rapid prototyping method using 3D printing. Custom-made poly (glycolic acid) (PGA) and polymers poly (lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds were prefabricated by a positive-negative mold interchange technique. A laser scanning system was used to evaluate the accuracy of the PGA/PLA scaffold. Bone marrow stem cells were incubated with the scaffold to assess biocompatibility. RESULTS: The mean error was <0.3 mm and confidence was >or=95% when the error was <1 mm. Results from in vitro cell culture demonstrated that the PGA/PLA scaffold had excellent cellular compatibility. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that custom-made PGA/PLA scaffolds infiltrated with bone marrow stem cells may be effective for future treatment of craniomaxillofacial bone injuries.