Development and Initial Validation of the Collectivistic Coping Styles Measure with African, Asian, and Latin American International Students

We developed and provided initial empirical validation of the Collectivistic Coping Styles Measure (CCSM), a 9-item scale that assessed the degree to which African,Asian, and Latin American international students utilized social support seeking and forbearance to cope with their problems or concerns. We found evidence of good construct and concurrent validity and good internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the CCSM. Implications of the findings for mental health counseling are discussed.