Coal mining distwbs large tracts of land which must be reclaimed. Unfortunately, iron sulphides which are common in most coals and the adjacent strata weather, forming acid mine drainage (AMD) which degrades surface and ground water. Burning of coal prodnces combustion by products, most of which are placed in ponds or landfills. Suitable disposal areas are difficult to find and permit, especially in wban areas. This has led to ash haulback -where the waste generated during coal burning is hauled back to a mine for disposal. The potential advantages of coal combustion ash haulback are:
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Gray et al. (1998) studied this question.