Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data can complement surface seismic data where higher resolution is desired or necessary to fully understand a reservoir. VSP data typically provide greater resolution because of the inherently smaller Fresnel zone and because the bandwidth is usually wider than comparable surface seismic data. High fidelity images are required for effective reservoir monitoring. Also, special situations exist, such as attempting to image beneath salt or volcanics, where VSP data can potentially yield superior results because the seismic energy travels through the distorting overburden only once.
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Payne et al. (1994) studied this question.