Nicotine exposure and bronchial epithelial cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in the pathogenesis of lung cancer

Nonstandard abbreviations used: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR); acetylcholine (Ach); N′Nitrosonornicotine (NNN); 4(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1butanone (NNK); normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE); small airway epithelial cell (SAEC); protein kinase B (PKB); B cell lymphoma 2 (BLC2); trans-retinoic acid (RA); retinoic acid receptor (RAR); Janus kinase 2 (JAK2); mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK); retinoid X