The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE, 20 Likert-type items) was administered to 32 female nurse practitioners, 37 female pediatricians, and 33 female physicians in hospital-based specialties (anesthesiology, pathology, radiology). Nurse practitioners and pediatricians obtained higher JSPE mean scores than physicians in hospital-based specialties.
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Hojat et al. (2003) studied this question.
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