CONFIRMING THE OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE IN ELLIS (2005): Responding to Isemonger

Ellis (2005) and his coresearchers developed a number of tests with a view to providing relatively separate measures of explicit and implicit knowledge. The aim in the development of these tests was to resolve a continuing problem in SLA studies—namely the construct validity of tests used to measure acquisition—and, more specifically, to provide a basis for investigating the relationship between implicit and explicit knowledge (i.e., the strong interface, the weak interface, and the noninterface positions).