Adenosine is present in the brain under physiological conditions and acts on G protein-coupled receptors. Adenosine regulates neurotransmitter release and neuronal firing rate, dopaminergic neurotransmission, glial cell function, and cerebral blood flow. Adenosine is implicated in sleep/wakefulness and protection against ischemic brain damage, epilepsy, and pain.
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BB Fredholm (1995) studied this question.