A theoretical model which includes considerations of the effects of an interfacial nanolayer formed by liquid molecule layering on the particle/liquid interface and of micro-convection caused by thermal motion of nanoparticles has been proposed to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. This model accounts for the enhancement in effective thermal conductivity of a nanofluid with respect to the suspended nanoparticle size, volume fraction, temperature and thermal conductivities of the nanoparticle and base fluid. The predicted results are in good agreement with some recently available experimental data.
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Ren et al. (2005) studied this question.
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