The realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic gases [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] achieved several long-standing goals. First, neutral atoms were cooled into the lowest energy state, thus exerting ultimate control over the motion and position of atoms, limited only by Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation. Second, a coherent macroscopic sample of atoms all occupying the same quantum state was generated,
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Ketterle et al. (1999) studied this question.