Clinical applications of human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates myeloid cell proliferation and maturation and enhances the function of terminally differentiated effector cells. Phase I and II clinical trials have demonstrated mild to moderate toxicities at doses of less than 30 micrograms/kg/day. These studies suggest a potential role for this growth factor to stimulate myelopoiesis in patients with aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, AIDS, chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, chronic neutropenia, and following bone marrow transplantation. The potential clinical uses of GM-CSF will depend on results of studies designed to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.