To refine our understanding of grandparental investment and its consequences, we need to understand what grandparents do for their grandchildren. Knowing the landscape of grandparental investment will facilitate a better understanding of the impact of grandparental investment on grandchildren and will allow inroads to be made in bridging the different levels of analysis.
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Richard L. Michalski (2010) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched one closely related paper. Consider it for comparative context: