Road traffic injuries (RTIs) represent one of the most concerning and unaddressed public health burdens in Nepal, which disproportionately contributes to premature mortality and disability in a country undergoing rapid motorization. Globally RTIs are projected to become one of the top five causes of death by 2030 with low and middle-income countries bearing the greatest burden. This narrative review adopts a multidisciplinary perspective to provide a comprehensive overview of RTIs in Nepal and the measures that can be taken to prevent them. Crash determinants are examined in human, vehicular, and environmental domains, with driver behavior that includes reckless driving, alcohol impairment, and mobile phone use identified as the predominant contributing factor. The review integrates evidence from public health, road engineering, behavioral science, and policy domains to examine the complex determinants of road traffic crashes. It highlights the role of traffic laws and enforcement, infrastructure improvements such as traffic lights and pedestrian crossings, and public education and awareness campaigns in reducing RTIs. Furthermore, the review highlights the urgent need for the Nepalese government to pass the Road Safety Bill, which would empower the National Road Safety Council to implement safer road interventions. By situating Nepal within the broader global context of road safety, this review emphasizes the importance of integrated, multidisciplinary strategies to mitigate RTI and improve outcomes in resource-limited settings.
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Nepal et al. (2026) studied this question.
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