Hybrid RSU Management in Cybertwin-IoV for Temporal and Spatial Service Coverage

Roadside Unit (RSU) plays an important role in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) service on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Due to the limitation of the existing network architecture, the RSU management technology either cannot fulfill the time location-varying service demands or consumes a large number of resource to cover the interested area. To mitigate the gap between the stringent V2X requirements and the limited available resource, a cybertwin-based IoV architecture is proposed to facilitate the RSU management and achieve always-on V2X services. Two types of RSUs, i.e., static RSU (sRSU) and mobile RSU (mRSU), are applied in infrastructure-assisted V2X communications. To evaluate the performance of cybertwin-based RSU deployment and scheduling, the utility maximization problem with coverage constraints is formulated. A three-stage hybrid RSU management strategy is proposed considering the different granularity of service loads. First, sRSUs are deployed to satisfy the basic service demands in different areas. Second, mRSUs are flexibly selected and managed to adapt to real-time variations of service loads. Finally, the RSUs are scheduled based on the real-time load prediction. The case study of Wuxi city illustrates that the proposed solution outperforms the existing strategy in terms of the deployment utility, response ratio, and adaptiveness to demand dynamics.