Coordinated Planning in Closed-loop Supply Chains and its Implications on the Production and Recycling of Lithium-ion Batteries

The need for sustainable mobility requires measures to reduce the impacts along the product life cycle. One mitigation option is the closed-loop use of products, components and materials, with resulting increased interactions and interdependencies between production and recycling. Research focusses generally on individual planning tasks and levels and does not consider production and recycling simultaneously. Therefore, we develop a coordinated planning approach for closed-loop supply chains which considers interdependencies in the form of directives, feedback, and coordination between the forward and reverse supply chain. Concluding, the approach is discussed in the context of lithium-ion batteries.