Environmental signal processing: Three-dimensional matched-field processing with a vertical array

Matched-field processing in a three-dimensional (range and azimuthal dependent) environment provides the possibility of localizing a source in bearing, as well as in range and depth, with a purely vertical array since the environment itself breaks the azimuthal symmetry of the vertical array. This added dimension in aperture is a result of including environmental complexity in the matched-field process. The processing is referred to here as environmental signal processing (ESP) and is demonstrated by simulation. A Gulf Stream environment where sound speed and bathymetry vary in three dimensions is selected for this simulation.